The former housing minister replaces Andy Burnham, who was named education secretary by Labour leader Ed Miliband.
Mr Healey, 50, has been MP for Wentworth and Dearne, in Yorkshire, since 1997.
He takes over the position despite the fact Mr Burnham is currently fighting to delay the government’s White Paper reforms.
Mr Healey has also worked in positions within the treasury and as minister for local government but has never held a position in health.