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Earn CPD credits from a series of online exams covering hypoglycaemia, impact of poor glucose control and effective insulin therapy
. It is caused by autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells and leads to an absolute deficiency of insulin. The cause is unknown but involves a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Insulin injections have been the mainstay of treatment, allowing survival but having ...
of insulin which, combined with high levels of stress hormones, stimulates lipolysis. This results in the production of acetyl-CoA, which acts as a substrate for the formation of ketones. The lack of insulin ... management involves rehydration, insulin therapy, potassium replacement and treating any intercurrent illness ...
can be very slow, typically developing over a period of 10 years or more. A reduction in insulin action known as insulin resistance is an early feature in the development of type-2 diabetes. This insulin resistance is initially overcome by a compensatory rise in insulin levels which maintains normal ...
by hyperglycaemia, the fundamental defect being a deficiency of insulin action. In the classical, juvenile-onset form of diabetes (now termed type-1 diabetes) there is an absolute lack of insulin. Conventionally ... diabetic patients and have a more rapid progression towards insulin treatment. 1 Aetiology ...
Type-1 diabetes is a chronic condition in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin. Causes ... . Insulin preparations The box shows the types of insulin preparations and the durations of action. Insulin is usually given before eating, but can be given just after food if eating habits are erratic ...
that for patients with non-insulin treated type-2 diabetes, intensive self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG ... in reasonably well controlled non-insulin treated patients with type-2 diabetes compared with usual care ( BMJ ... in improving glycaemic control in patients with type-2 diabetes who are not using insulin, but more trials ...
are more frequent in South Asians. Intra-abdominal fat is more strongly associated with insulin resistance ... that they understand they must continue taking insulin during Ramadan. The dose of long-acting insulins (glargine ... be given with the evening meal. Insulin prandial analogues, lispro and aspart, may be more useful than ...
pathological and functional changes to target organs in people who do not require insulin. One ... is made. The condition is due to a combination of insulin resistance and pancreatic beta-cell failure that results in insufficient insulin secretion to overcome the insulin resistance. Patients with type-2 ...
syndrome. Insulin resistance, in association with obesity, is the key mechanism leading to hepatic steatosis. Resistance to insulin enhances peripheral lipolysis and delivery of free fatty acids to the liver. Insulin resistance has been referred to as the first hit in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Insulin resistance ...
may be caused by high levels of insulin. Apart from prescribed medication consider accidental ...
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